October 24, 2023

Organization

CNES is in charge of developing and integrating the PHARAO clock, which is the main French contribution to ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space), an ESA project. In ACES, PHARAO is coupled to an active maser, the SHM, provided by Switzerland. Both clocks are complemented by the microwave link (MWL), a time-transfer device of unprecedented accuracy.

The French or international laboratories involved in PHARAO are:

PHARAO/ACES is expected to foster broad international scientific cooperation by allowing any laboratory equipped with a MWL ground terminal to compare its time and frequency reference to PHARAO's.